Eye Conditions

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Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Macular degeneration is a medical condition where the light sensing cells in the macula malfunction and over time cease to work. It is the main cause of central vision loss (blindness) in the USA today for those over the age of fifty (Americam Academy of Ophthalmology). There are two basic types of the disease: Standard Macular Degeneration (MD) and Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), with ARMD being the most common form of the condition.

Amblyopia
Also called lazy eye. Undeveloped central vision in one eye that leads to the use of the other eye as the dominant eye. Strabismus is the leading cause, followed by anisometropia. There are no symptoms. The patient may be found squinting and closing one eye to see; there may be unrecognized blurred vision in one eye and vision loss.

Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a refraction error of the eye characterized by an aspherical cornea in which one axis of corneal steepness is greater than the perpendicular axis. Astigmatism causes difficulties in seeing fine detail, and can be often corrected by glasses with a cylindrical lens (i.e. a lens that has different radii of curvature in different planes), contact lenses, or refractive surgery.

Blepharitis
Blepharitis is a medical condition relating to the inflammation of eyelids and eyelashes. It is characterized by white flaky skin near the eyelashes. Blepharitis usually causes redness of the eyes and itching and irritation of the eyelids.

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
The central retinal artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery, enters the eye through the optic disc and divides into multiple branches to perfuse the inner layers of the retina. A branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) occurs when one of these branches of the arterial supply to the retina becomes occluded.

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)
Much confusion exists in the literature because central and branch retinal vein occlusions (BRVOs) often are grouped and studied together. The natural history and complication rate for each entity differ. The treatments and their results vary from one condition to the other. This article deals exclusively with BRVO. Hemiretinal vein occlusions are probably variants of central retinal vein occlusions, and as such, they are not included in this discussion.

Cataract
Clouding of the natural lens of the eye, usually caused by aging in conjunction with other risk factors, such as exposure to the sun's UV rays, smoking, steroid intake and diabetes. Symptoms include blurred vision, glare, halos around lights, colors that are less bright, a cloudy spot in your vision and, sometimes, temporary vision improvement. Read more about cataracts and cataract surgery.

Cellophane Maculopathy
Cellophane maculopathy is the wrinkling or puckering of the retina as a result of contraction, which is caused by forward movement of the vitreous fluid and the resulting formation of a thin scar membrane on the surface of the retina.

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
A blockage of the main vein transporting blood away from the retina; causes hemorrhage in the retina and usually results in permanent vision impairment.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Condition that often affects males over age 30 who are under a lot of stress. Fluid builds up in the macula, resulting in blurred, distorted and shrunken images in that eye compared to the other. May last for several weeks or months.